Welcome to Egypt, a land of ancient wonders, vibrant culture, and stunning landscapes. From the iconic pyramids to the bustling markets, Egypt offers a rich tapestry of experiences that cater to every type of traveler. Whether you’re here for a short visit or an extended stay, this guide will help you navigate the best things to do in Egypt, divided into sections based on landmarks, culture, food, entertainment, shopping, outdoor activities, sports, and nightlife.
Landmarks
1. The Great Pyramids of Giza
The Great Pyramids of Giza are arguably the most iconic landmarks in Egypt. Built as tombs for the Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, these ancient structures have stood the test of time and continue to awe visitors with their grandeur and mystery. The complex also includes the Great Sphinx, a colossal limestone statue with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh.
A visit to the pyramids is a must for any trip to Egypt. You can explore the interiors of some of the pyramids, take a camel ride around the complex, and enjoy panoramic views from various vantage points. Be sure to visit the Solar Boat Museum, which houses a reconstructed ancient Egyptian ship.
2. The Temple of Karnak
The Temple of Karnak, located in Luxor, is one of the largest religious complexes in the world. Dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu, the temple is a stunning example of ancient Egyptian architecture and artistry. Highlights include the Hypostyle Hall with its massive columns, the Sacred Lake, and the numerous statues and obelisks.
Karnak is best explored with a guide who can provide insights into its history and significance. Don’t miss the Sound and Light Show, which brings the temple’s history to life with dramatic lighting and narration.
3. Abu Simbel
Abu Simbel is a UNESCO World Heritage site featuring two massive rock temples built by Pharaoh Ramses II. The Great Temple, dedicated to Ramses II, and the Small Temple, dedicated to his queen Nefertari, are renowned for their colossal statues and intricate carvings. The temples were relocated in the 1960s to save them from flooding caused by the construction of the Aswan High Dam.
Visiting Abu Simbel is a breathtaking experience, and it’s best to arrive early to avoid the crowds and the heat. The temples are particularly striking at sunrise, when the statues are bathed in golden light.
4. The Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings, located on the west bank of the Nile near Luxor, is the final resting place of many New Kingdom pharaohs. The valley contains over 60 tombs, including the famous tomb of Tutankhamun, which was discovered in 1922 with its treasures largely intact.
Exploring the tombs provides a fascinating glimpse into ancient Egyptian burial practices and beliefs about the afterlife. Each tomb is unique, with beautifully preserved wall paintings and hieroglyphs. Be sure to visit the nearby Valley of the Queens and the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut.
5. The Egyptian Museum
The Egyptian Museum in Cairo houses one of the world’s most extensive collections of ancient Egyptian artifacts. Highlights include the treasures of Tutankhamun, the Royal Mummy Room, and numerous statues, jewelry, and papyri. The museum’s collection spans over 5,000 years of history.
A visit to the museum is essential for anyone interested in Egypt’s rich history and culture. Plan to spend several hours exploring the exhibits, and consider hiring a guide to provide context and enhance your experience.
Culture
1. Islamic Cairo
Islamic Cairo is a historic area of Cairo that is home to numerous mosques, madrasas, and monuments dating back to the Islamic Golden Age. Key sites include the Al-Azhar Mosque, the Sultan Hassan Mosque, and the Citadel of Saladin, which offers stunning views of the city.
Wandering through the narrow streets of Islamic Cairo, you’ll find bustling markets, traditional coffeehouses, and beautifully preserved architecture. The area is a UNESCO World Heritage site and provides a fascinating glimpse into Cairo’s rich Islamic heritage.
2. Coptic Cairo
Coptic Cairo is a historic part of the city that is home to some of the oldest Christian churches in Egypt. The area includes the Coptic Museum, which houses an extensive collection of Coptic art and artifacts, and the Hanging Church, which is built on top of the gates of a Roman fortress.
Other notable sites include the Church of St. Sergius and Bacchus, where it is believed the Holy Family stayed during their flight to Egypt, and the Ben Ezra Synagogue, one of the oldest synagogues in Cairo. Coptic Cairo is a peaceful and spiritual area that offers a unique perspective on Egypt’s Christian heritage.
3. Aswan
Aswan, located on the Nile River in southern Egypt, is known for its relaxed atmosphere and beautiful scenery. The city is home to the Nubian Museum, which showcases the rich culture and history of the Nubian people, and the Unfinished Obelisk, a massive ancient stone that provides insights into ancient quarrying techniques.
Take a felucca ride on the Nile, visit the Philae Temple on Agilkia Island, and explore the Aswan Botanical Garden on Kitchener’s Island. Aswan is also the gateway to Abu Simbel and the beautiful landscapes of the Nubian Desert.
4. Siwa Oasis
Siwa Oasis, located in the Western Desert near the Libyan border, is a remote and tranquil destination known for its natural beauty and unique culture. The oasis is home to the ancient Temple of the Oracle, where Alexander the Great is said to have consulted the oracle, and the Shali Fortress, a ruined mud-brick fortress that offers panoramic views of the oasis.
Siwa is also famous for its salt lakes, palm groves, and hot springs. The Siwan people have their own distinct culture and language, and visiting the oasis provides a fascinating glimpse into a way of life that has remained largely unchanged for centuries.
5. Nubian Villages
The Nubian villages located along the Nile River in southern Egypt offer a unique cultural experience. The Nubian people have a rich heritage and are known for their colorful houses, traditional music, and warm hospitality. Visiting a Nubian village allows you to learn about their customs, try traditional Nubian food, and experience their vibrant culture.
Many tours include visits to Nubian villages as part of a trip to Aswan or Abu Simbel. It’s a wonderful opportunity to connect with local people and gain a deeper understanding of Egypt’s cultural diversity.
Food
1. Koshari
Koshari is one of Egypt’s most popular and beloved street foods. This hearty dish consists of a mixture of rice, lentils, macaroni, and chickpeas, topped with a spicy tomato sauce and crispy fried onions. It’s a delicious and satisfying meal that’s perfect for a quick lunch or snack.
You can find koshari at street stalls and casual restaurants throughout Egypt. Each vendor has their own unique recipe, so be sure to try it from different places to find your favorite version.
2. Ful Medames
Ful medames is a traditional Egyptian dish made from fava beans that are slowly cooked and seasoned with olive oil, lemon juice, garlic, and spices. It’s typically served for breakfast, accompanied by pita bread, chopped vegetables, and a variety of condiments.
Ful medames is a staple of Egyptian cuisine and is enjoyed by people of all ages. It’s a nutritious and flavorful dish that’s perfect for starting your day.
3. Falafel (Ta’ameya)
Egyptian falafel, known locally as ta’ameya, is made from ground fava beans rather than chickpeas. The mixture is seasoned with herbs and spices, formed into patties, and deep-fried until crispy. Ta’ameya is often served in pita bread with tahini sauce, tomatoes, and cucumbers.
Ta’ameya is a popular street food and can be found at falafel stands and restaurants throughout Egypt. It’s a delicious and affordable vegetarian option that’s loved by locals and visitors alike.
4. Shawarma
Shawarma is a Middle Eastern dish that has become a popular street food in Egypt. It consists of thinly sliced marinated meat (usually lamb, chicken, or beef) that is roasted on a vertical spit and served in pita bread with garlic sauce, pickles, and vegetables.
Shawarma stands are ubiquitous in Egyptian cities, and the savory, flavorful meat makes for a satisfying meal or snack. Be sure to try both the chicken and beef versions to find your favorite.
5. Baklava
Baklava is a rich and sweet pastry made of layers of filo dough filled with chopped nuts and sweetened with syrup or honey. It’s a popular dessert in Egypt and throughout the Middle East. The combination of crispy pastry, crunchy nuts, and sweet syrup makes for a delectable treat.
Baklava can be found at bakeries and dessert shops throughout Egypt. It’s often enjoyed with a cup of strong Egyptian coffee or tea.
Entertainment
1. Sound and Light Shows
Sound and light shows are a popular attraction at many of Egypt’s ancient sites, including the Pyramids of Giza, Karnak Temple, and Philae Temple. These evening performances use dramatic lighting, music, and narration to tell the stories of these historic landmarks.
The shows provide a unique and immersive way to experience Egypt’s ancient history and are a great option for evening entertainment. Be sure to check the schedule and book tickets in advance.
2. Cruising the Nile
A Nile River cruise is a quintessential Egyptian experience that offers a relaxing and scenic way to explore the country’s historic sites. Cruises typically run between Luxor and Aswan and include stops at key landmarks such as the Valley of the Kings, Edfu Temple, and Kom Ombo Temple.
Enjoy the luxurious amenities on board, including sun decks, swimming pools, and fine dining. The leisurely pace and stunning views make a Nile cruise a memorable and enjoyable way to travel.
3. Whirling Dervish Performance
The Whirling Dervish performance, also known as Tanoura, is a traditional Sufi dance that has been performed in Egypt for centuries. The dance involves performers spinning in elaborate costumes to the accompaniment of traditional music.
You can see Whirling Dervish performances at various cultural centers and theaters in Cairo, including the Al-Tannoura Egyptian Heritage Dance Troupe at Wekalet El Ghouri. The mesmerizing movements and vibrant costumes make it a captivating cultural experience.
4. Camel Rides
Camel rides are a popular and quintessential experience in Egypt. Whether you’re riding around the Pyramids of Giza, exploring the desert near Aswan, or taking a leisurely ride along the Nile, riding a camel offers a unique perspective of the landscape.
Camel rides are often included in tours, but you can also arrange them independently. Be sure to agree on a price beforehand and enjoy the experience of traversing the terrain like the ancient Egyptians did.
5. Cairo Opera House
The Cairo Opera House, located in the Gezira Island district, is Egypt’s premier performing arts venue. The opera house hosts a variety of performances, including opera, ballet, classical music, and theater.
Check the schedule for upcoming performances and enjoy a night of world-class entertainment in a beautiful setting. The Cairo Opera House is a cultural gem that offers a taste of Egypt’s artistic excellence.
Shopping
1. Khan El Khalili Bazaar
Khan El Khalili Bazaar, located in the heart of Islamic Cairo, is one of the oldest and most famous markets in Egypt. The bustling market is a labyrinth of narrow streets filled with shops selling everything from jewelry and spices to textiles and souvenirs.
Wander through the market, haggle with shopkeepers, and enjoy the vibrant atmosphere. Be sure to visit the Al-Fishawi Cafe, one of Cairo’s oldest coffeehouses, for a traditional cup of Egyptian coffee or mint tea.
2. Souq El Gomaa (Friday Market)
The Friday Market, known locally as Souq El Gomaa, is a bustling flea market held every Friday under the El Tonsi Bridge in Cairo. The market is a treasure trove of goods, including antiques, vintage items, clothing, electronics, and household goods.
Explore the market’s stalls and hunt for unique finds and bargains. The lively atmosphere and diverse offerings make it a fun and exciting shopping experience.
3. Zamalek
Zamalek is a trendy neighborhood in Cairo known for its upscale boutiques, art galleries, and gourmet food shops. The area’s tree-lined streets and elegant buildings create a pleasant shopping environment.
Browse the stylish boutiques for fashion, jewelry, and home decor, and visit the art galleries to discover contemporary Egyptian art. Zamalek’s cafes and restaurants also offer a great place to relax and enjoy a meal or a drink.
4. Aswan Market
The Aswan Market, also known as Sharia as-Souq, is a vibrant market that offers a wide range of goods, including spices, perfumes, jewelry, and textiles. The market’s colorful stalls and friendly vendors create a lively and welcoming atmosphere.
Shop for unique souvenirs, try local delicacies, and enjoy the sights and sounds of the market. Aswan Market is a great place to experience the local culture and find special gifts to take home.
5. Luxor Market
Luxor Market, located in the heart of the city, is a bustling market that offers a variety of goods, including clothing, spices, perfumes, and souvenirs. The market’s vibrant atmosphere and diverse offerings make it a popular destination for both locals and tourists.
Wander through the market’s narrow streets, haggle with vendors, and enjoy the lively environment. The market is a great place to shop for unique items and experience the local culture.
Outdoor Activities
1. Snorkeling and Diving in the Red Sea
The Red Sea is renowned for its crystal-clear waters and vibrant marine life, making it a top destination for snorkeling and diving. Popular spots include Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada, and Marsa Alam, where you can explore colorful coral reefs, shipwrecks, and a variety of fish and marine creatures.
Join a guided snorkeling or diving tour to discover the underwater wonders of the Red Sea. The warm waters and diverse marine life provide an unforgettable experience for both beginners and experienced divers.
2. Desert Safari
A desert safari is an exciting way to explore the stunning landscapes of Egypt’s deserts. Whether you’re riding a quad bike, sandboarding down dunes, or taking a 4×4 tour, a desert safari offers a thrilling adventure.
Join a guided tour to explore the Western Desert, the Sinai Desert, or the Eastern Desert. Many tours include visits to Bedouin villages, where you can learn about traditional desert life and enjoy a traditional meal.
3. Hiking in Sinai
The Sinai Peninsula offers some of the best hiking opportunities in Egypt, with stunning landscapes and historic sites. One of the most popular hikes is the trek to the summit of Mount Sinai, where it is believed Moses received the Ten Commandments. The hike offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and the opportunity to visit St. Catherine’s Monastery.
Other hiking destinations in Sinai include the Colored Canyon, the White Canyon, and the Ras Abu Galum Protectorate. The diverse terrain and natural beauty make Sinai a hiker’s paradise.
4. Felucca Ride on the Nile
A felucca ride on the Nile is a peaceful and scenic way to experience Egypt’s iconic river. These traditional wooden sailboats offer a leisurely way to explore the river and enjoy the beautiful scenery.
Join a felucca tour in Cairo, Luxor, or Aswan, and relax as you sail along the Nile. Many tours include stops at historic sites and offer the opportunity to swim in the river or enjoy a picnic on the shore.
5. Bird Watching in the Nile Delta
The Nile Delta is a prime destination for bird watching, with its diverse habitats and abundant birdlife. The wetlands, lakes, and agricultural fields of the delta attract a variety of bird species, including herons, egrets, ibis, and flamingos.
Join a bird watching tour to explore the best spots and learn about the region’s avian diversity. The peaceful environment and beautiful landscapes make bird watching in the Nile Delta a rewarding experience.
Sports
1. Golf
Egypt offers several world-class golf courses, many of which are located in stunning settings. Popular golfing destinations include the Red Sea resorts of El Gouna and Soma Bay, as well as the historic cities of Cairo and Luxor.
Enjoy a round of golf with views of the Red Sea, the Pyramids of Giza, or the Nile River. The well-maintained courses and luxurious amenities make golfing in Egypt a memorable experience.
2. Tennis
Tennis is a popular sport in Egypt, with many hotels and resorts offering tennis courts and facilities. The Cairo International Stadium and the Gezira Sporting Club are among the top venues for tennis in Cairo.
Join a tennis club or book a court at a resort to enjoy a game of tennis during your stay. The pleasant climate and quality facilities make Egypt a great destination for tennis enthusiasts.
3. Water Sports
The Red Sea resorts of Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada, and Dahab offer a wide range of water sports, including windsurfing, kiteboarding, jet skiing, and parasailing. The warm waters and steady winds create ideal conditions for these activities.
Join a water sports center to rent equipment and take lessons or tours. The exciting activities and beautiful marine environment provide an exhilarating experience.
4. Horseback Riding
Horseback riding is a popular activity in Egypt, offering a unique way to explore the country’s landscapes and historic sites. Popular destinations for horseback riding include the Pyramids of Giza, the beaches of the Red Sea, and the deserts of Sinai.
Join a guided horseback riding tour to explore the scenic trails and enjoy the adventure of riding through Egypt’s diverse terrain. The experience of riding a horse with views of ancient landmarks or natural beauty is unforgettable.
5. Sailing on Lake Nasser
Lake Nasser, one of the largest man-made lakes in the world, offers excellent opportunities for sailing and fishing. The lake is home to a variety of fish species, including Nile perch and tiger fish, making it a popular destination for anglers.
Join a fishing tour or rent a boat to explore the lake’s vast waters. The peaceful environment and beautiful scenery make sailing on Lake Nasser a relaxing and enjoyable activity.
Nightlife
1. Cairo’s Nightlife
Cairo’s nightlife is vibrant and diverse, offering a range of options for evening entertainment. The city is home to numerous bars, nightclubs, and live music venues, as well as traditional cafes and cultural performances.
Popular nightlife spots include the Cairo Jazz Club, which features live music and DJ sets, and the Zamalek district, known for its trendy bars and restaurants. Enjoy a night out in Cairo, whether you’re dancing to the latest beats or relaxing with a drink and live music.
2. Sharm El Sheikh
Sharm El Sheikh is known for its lively nightlife, with numerous bars, nightclubs, and beach parties. The resort town’s vibrant atmosphere and beautiful setting make it a popular destination for party-goers.
Popular nightlife spots include Pacha Sharm, one of the largest nightclubs in the Middle East, and the Hard Rock Cafe, which offers live music and entertainment. Enjoy a night of dancing and fun in Sharm El Sheikh’s energetic nightlife scene.
3. Hurghada
Hurghada, another Red Sea resort town, offers a lively nightlife scene with a variety of bars, nightclubs, and entertainment venues. The town’s relaxed atmosphere and beautiful beaches make it a great place to unwind and enjoy the evening.
Popular nightlife spots include the Ministry of Sound, which hosts international DJs and beach parties, and the Marina Boulevard, which offers a range of bars and restaurants. Enjoy a night of entertainment and relaxation in Hurghada’s vibrant nightlife.
4. Luxor’s Nile Cruises
Luxor offers a unique nightlife experience with its evening Nile cruises. These cruises often include dinner, live music, and traditional dance performances, allowing you to enjoy the beauty of the Nile by night.
Join a Nile dinner cruise to experience the charm of Luxor’s nightlife. The combination of delicious food, live entertainment, and scenic views creates a memorable evening.
5. Traditional Egyptian Music and Dance
Experience Egypt’s rich cultural heritage with an evening of traditional music and dance. Many hotels and cultural centers offer performances of Egyptian folk music, belly dancing, and Tanoura (whirling dervish) shows.
Enjoy the lively rhythms and colorful costumes of these performances, and immerse yourself in the cultural traditions of Egypt. The captivating music and dance provide a unique and enjoyable entertainment experience.
Conclusion
Egypt is a country that truly has something for everyone. Whether you’re exploring its iconic landmarks, immersing yourself in its rich cultural offerings, savoring its diverse cuisine, enjoying its vibrant entertainment scene, indulging in retail therapy, engaging in outdoor activities, participating in sports, or experiencing its dynamic nightlife, you’re sure to have an unforgettable experience. So pack your bags, grab your camera, and get ready to explore all that this fascinating country has to offer!